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renal failure (or renal failure)

is the condition in which the kidneys fail to function properly. Physiologically, renal failure is described as a decrease in blood filtration glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Clinically, this manifests in an elevated serum creatinine.
still not well understood many of the factors that influence the speed with which it produces kidney failure or kidney failure. Researchers are still studying the effect of the protein in food and cholesterol in the blood to renal function


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renal failure can be divided broadly into two categories, acute renal failure and chronic renal failure.

acute renal failure

Some kidney problems happen quickly, like an accident that causes kidney damage, the loss of much blood that can cause sudden kidney failure or certain drugs or poisonous substances can cause the kidneys to stop working. This sudden drop in kidney function are called acute renal failure.

acute renal failure (CRF) or (ARF) is, as its name implies, a rapidly progressive loss of renal function, generally characterized by oliguria, decreased production of urine (measured as less than 400 ml day for adults, less than 0.5 mL / kg / h in children, or less than 1 mL / kg / h in infants), imbalances in water and body fluids and electrolyte disorder. An underlying cause must be identified to stop progress, and dialysis may be necessary for the time required to address these root causes.
acute renal failure can lead to permanent loss of kidney function. But if the kidneys not suffer serious injury, this failure can be counteracted.


chronic renal failure Chronic renal failure (CRF) or (CRF) is a condition that is caused by permanent and irreversible damage of the kidney function secondary to any cause. Globally, the most frequent causes (but not sole) of CKD are diabetes, hypertension, obstructive diseases of the urinary tract (such as stones, tumors, etc.).. It may be the complication of a large number of kidney diseases such as IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease) inflammatory diseases of the kidneys (glomerulonephritis collectively called), chronic pyelonephritis and urinary retention, and use of drugs toxic to the kidney (especially contrast media and some antibiotics). Terminal renal failure (ESRF) or (ESRF) is the final result, which usually requires dialysis until you find a donor for a kidney transplant.

In most cases, renal function deteriorates slowly over several years and gives few symptoms initially, allowing the patient does not feel many things in spite of having anemia and even have high levels of toxins in the blood. When the patient feels bad, usually we are dealing with very advanced cases of the disease in which most of the time it becomes necessary to commence early therapy to replace the function of kidney dialysis.
Any person may suffer from kidney disease, but the highest risk are diabetics, hypertensives and relatives of people suffering from kidney disease. As renal disease no symptoms (the kidneys do not hurt as people often think only in case of calculations), those at risk should have mentioned earlier studies to detect the disease, the basics are a part of urine and creatinine.
If the disease is detected early can reduce the rate at which damage progresses, delaying the need to initiate replacement therapy on renal function and better prepare the patient for your home when necessary. Renal replacement therapies are hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and renal transplantation.

acute renal failure-on-chronic
acute renal failure may be present on top of chronic renal failure. This is called acute renal failure-on-chronic (AoCRF). The acute part AoCRF may be reversible and the goal of treatment, such as ARF, is to return the patient basic kidney function, which is typically measured by serum creatinine. Both AoCRF, like ARF, can be difficult to distinguish from chronic renal failure if the patient has been followed by a doctor and not a job available basis (ie, previous blood samples) for comparison.


end-stage renal disease status in which there is total renal failure or nearly total and permanent kidney disease is called terminal. People with this kind of disease must be subjected to preserve life, dialysis or a transplant.

Use of the term uremia
Before the advances of modern medicine, renal failure could be referred to as uremic poisoning. Uremia was the term used to describe the contamination of blood with urine. Starting around 1847 this term was used to describe reduced urine output, now known as oliguria, which is thought was caused by urine mixed with blood instead of being disposed of through the urethra.

Causes of renal failure
In the United States, about 80,000 people are diagnosed with kidney failure each year. This is a serious condition in which the kidneys fail to remove waste from the body. Kidney failure is the final stage of slow deterioration of the kidneys, a process known as nephropathy.
Diabetes is the most common cause of kidney failure and is more than 40 percent of new cases. Even when drugs and diet can control diabetes, the disease can lead to nephropathy and kidney failure. Most diabetics do not develop nephropathy that is severe enough to cause kidney failure. There are about 16 million diabetics in the United States and of those, about 100,000 suffer from kidney failure as a result diabetes.
People with kidney failure must undergo dialysis, which replaces some of the filtering functions of the kidneys, or transplantation to receive a kidney from a healthy donor. Most U.S. citizens who have renal failure can receive medical care funded by the federal government. In 1997 the U.S. federal government spent about $ 11,800 billion in the care of patients with renal failure.

Treatment Options

There are a lot of effective treatment options for kidney disease. When

renal function is about 15%, it is necessary to choose a treatment option:

peritoneal dialysis. Hemodialysis
.
renal transplantation.

There is no treatment that applies to all cases: the three types of therapy has its advantages and disadvantages. They all work, you and your doctor should decide what is best for you.

renal transplantation

A kidney transplant is an operation by a surgeon that specializes in placing a kidney from another person (donor) to replace the kidneys no longer work.

transplanted kidneys have two sources: living donors
- may be related or unrelated. Donors
dead - people who decided to donate their organs upon death.


transplanted kidney function is the closest thing to own. The transplant is one treatment for kidney disease, not a cure.
Not everyone can receive a kidney transplant. Doctors, social workers and a transplant coordinator considered as general health and strives to keep healthy, plus it follows the recommendations of medical EAM related to diet, exercise and, of course, dialysis therapy.

To be considered for a transplant, must undergo a series of tests to check heart function, lung and other body functions.

There are very few donor kidneys compared with the amount of people waiting for one, may be years before finding the appropriate donor. Renal
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